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In June 1972, police found five burglars from Nixon’s own Committee to Re-Elect the President in the office of the Democratic National Committee, located in the Watergate office building. Though he won reelection by a landslide in 1972, he resented any challenge to his authority and approved of attempts to discredit those who opposed him. American troops did not leave the region until 1973.Īs his term in office wore on, President Nixon grew increasingly paranoid and defensive.
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Even after the New York Times published the Pentagon Papers, which called the government’s justifications for war into question, the bloody and inconclusive conflict continued. Members of Congress tried to limit the president’s power by revoking the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorizing the use of military force in Southeast Asia, but Nixon simply ignored them. Ten days later, police officers killed two black student protestors at Mississippi’s Jackson State University. On May 4, National Guardsmen shot four student demonstrators at an antiwar rally at Kent State University in Ohio in what came to be known as the Kent State Shooting. When the United States invaded Cambodia in 1970, however, hundreds of thousands of protestors clogged city streets and shut down college campuses. This policy seemed to work at the beginning of Nixon’s term in office. As a result, instead of ending the war, Nixon and his aides devised ways to make it more palatable, such as limiting the draft and shifting the burden of combat onto South Vietnamese soldiers. The Antiwar MovementĮven though very few people continued to support the war in Indochina, President Nixon feared that a retreat would make the United States look weak. They began to build feminist communities and organizations of their own: art galleries and bookstores, consciousness-raising groups, daycare and women’s health collectives (such as the Boston Women’s Health Book Collective, which published “Our Bodies, Ourselves” in 1973), rape crisis centers and abortion clinics. (Their anti-taxism emerged most notably in California in 1978, when the Proposition 13 referendum–“a primal scream by The People against Big Government,” said The New York Times–tried to limit the size of government by restricting the amount of property tax that the state could collect from individual homeowners.)ĭisappointments like these encouraged many women’s rights activists to turn away from politics. For example, they fought against high taxes, environmental regulations, highway speed limits, national park policies in the West (the so-called “Sagebrush Rebellion”) and affirmative action and school desegregation plans. New Right conservatives resented and resisted what they saw as government meddling. In general, though, Nixon’s policies favored the interests of the middle class people who felt slighted by the Great Society of the 1960s.Īs the 1970s continued, some of these people helped shape a new political movement known as the “New Right.” This movement, rooted in the suburban Sun Belt, celebrated the free market and lamented the decline of “traditional” social values and roles. On the other hand, some of Nixon’s domestic policies seem remarkably liberal today: For instance, he proposed a Family Assistance Plan that would have guaranteed every American family an income of $1,600 a year (about $10,000 in today’s money), and he urged Congress to pass a Comprehensive Health Insurance Plan that would have guaranteed affordable health care to all Americans. Johnson’s War on Poverty as he could, and he made a show of his resistance to mandatory school desegregation plans such as busing.
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He abolished as many parts of President Lyndon B. Almost immediately, Nixon began to dismantle the welfare state that had fostered such resentment. This silent majority swept President Richard Nixon into office in 1968.